Marsh (2010), in a discussion on the advantages of genetic biocontrol in the Colorado River basin system, referred to the species as “one of the most invasive, pervasive, and destructive species in the basin, not even recognized as an invasive species by some states”. New Jersey state authorities list it as a potentially dangerous species due to its ability to outcompete native fish species it is listed as an invasive species of concern in Georgia and Florida. cyanellus is listed as a major invasive species in parts of Arizona ( USDA, 2012) and California ( Dill and Cordone, 1997). cyanellus along with other predatory fish species is also thought to be responsible for the decline of native frogs and salamanders in the USA. cyanellus have been introduced in California, it is believed to have helped deplete the California roach, Hesperoleucus symmetricus. Large populations often compete with the young of other species for food, or prey upon them causing negative impacts to both game fish and native species. cyanellus are remarkably tolerant of crowding under which conditions they are often stunted in size, creating management problems in small lakes. Their aggressive nature allows them to compete with larger fish for prey, and prey on eggs and young of other fish species. cyanellus compete with and prey on native fish species, reducing their populations, altering their population structure, relative dominance and distribution patterns. Lepomis cyanellus is a perciform fish that is native to the central plains of North America, but has been introduced to most of the rest of the USA, and some other countries.
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